Description

Glutathione

Glutathione is a naturally occurring tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, often referred to as the body’s master antioxidant. It plays a critical role in neutralizing free radicals, detoxifying harmful substances, and maintaining cellular health. Our Glutathione peptide formulation enhances intracellular antioxidant levels, promoting brighter skin, improved immunity, and overall cellular rejuvenation.

Product Summary

Field	Details
Product Name	Glutathione
Category	– Tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine.
– Endogenous antioxidant and detoxifying agent found naturally in the body.
Molecular Formula	C10H17N3O6S
Molecular Weight	~307.3 g/mol
Length	3 amino acids
Form & Purity	Lyophilized powder; ≥98% purity (HPLC-verified, supplier spec).
Storage	Store lyophilized at −20 °C to −80 °C, dry, and protected from light; reconstituted solutions should be stored short-term at 4 °C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw.
Key Mechanisms	– Powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cells from oxidative stress.
	– Enhances cellular detoxification through conjugation with toxins for excretion.
	– Supports the regeneration of other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E.
.	– Modulates immune function and plays a role in cell signaling pathways.
	– Reduces inflammation and helps to restore cellular homeostasis after injury or stress.
Research Use Cases	– Antioxidant defense against oxidative stress (aging, neurodegenerative diseases).
	– Cellular protection in conditions like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
	– Liver detoxification (supporting detox pathways, liver health).
	– Skin health (whitening, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties).
	– Immune system enhancement and support in inflammatory conditions.
Common AEs	Generally well-tolerated in both animal studies and limited human reports. High doses may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
Compliance	Not FDA/EMA approved for medical use. Available for research use only.
Amino Acid Sequence of Glutathione	Glu–Cys–Gly

Mechanism of Action

Antioxidant Defense

Glutathione neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its thiol group (-SH), which readily donates electrons to these reactive molecules, preventing cellular damage. This action is crucial in protecting cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids from oxidative damage that can lead to aging, diseases, and cancers.

Cellular Detoxification

It aids in the detoxification of harmful substances by forming conjugates with toxins through enzymatic processes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase). These conjugates are more water-soluble and can be efficiently eliminated from the body via the liver and kidneys.

Regeneration of Other Antioxidants

It helps regenerate other antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E, thus supporting the body’s overall antioxidant network. This regeneration is essential for maintaining a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body.

Immune Modulation

It plays a significant role in regulating immune cell function. It supports T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, enhancing the immune response. It also modulates inflammatory responses, reducing excessive inflammation and promoting tissue repair and recovery after injury.

Reduction of Inflammation and Restoration of Homeostasis

Glutathione’s ability to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine production helps reduce the harmful effects of chronic inflammation. This action is beneficial in inflammatory conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and chronic stress. Additionally, glutathione aids in restoring normal cellular functions after oxidative stress, injury, or toxin exposure.

Tolerability and Safety Considerations

It’s supplementation has been shown to be well-tolerated in both animal and human studies, with rare side effects. While glutathione is generally considered safe at standard dosages, higher doses may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or nausea. Long-term safety and efficacy studies in humans are still ongoing, and large-scale trials are needed to confirm its therapeutic benefits.
Preclinical data does not show any significant adverse effects on major organs, but as with any supplement, it should be used with caution, particularly in individuals with specific conditions such as asthma, where glutathione inhalation has shown potential risks.
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Citations

Ghezzi, P., & Moroni, F. (2005). Glutathione in the Regulation of Cell Function: Focus on its Role in Oxidative Stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 39(4), 445–451.
Lu, S. C. (2009). Glutathione Synthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – General Subjects, 1830(5), 3143–3153.
Mustafa, M. G., & Ghosh, S. (2014). The Role of Glutathione in Health and Disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 5, 48.
Sies, H. (2015). Glutathione and Its Role in Cellular Functions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 88, 9–19.